Particle 了 ( le )

Particle = 助 词 ( zhù cí )

In Mandarin (Chinese Language), particle is the most influence word in sentences to diferentiate its meaning.

了 ( le ) 's role in sentences:

1. 了 as Aspect Particle （动态助词） dòng tài zhù cí
• like past tense
  Pronoun + Verb + 了 + Numeral + ( Numeral Classifier ) + Noun
• sequential action
  等 ( děng ) + Pronoun + Verb + 了 +  Noun + 再 ( zài ) + Verb + Object
2. 了 as Modal Particle （语气助词）yǔ qì zhù cí
• situation has changed.
• If the modal particle了 works with the adverb 太 ( tài ), it indicates excessiveness.
• If the modal particle 了 works the adverb 要 ( yào ) / 快要 ( kuài yào ) / 将要 ( jiāng yào ), it describes an action that will happen in the future.
3. 了 can exists as an aspect particle as well as modal particle in one sentence.