Mandarin Words without tone or Mandarin Words using fifth tone
啊=a=modal particle ending sentence, showing affirmation, approval, or consent
吧=ba=(modal particle indicating suggestion or surmise)/...right?/...OK?/...I presume.
啵=bo=grammatical particle equivalent to 吧
卜 (蔔)=bo=see 蘿蔔 | 萝卜[luo2 bo5]
usually use in:
萝卜 (蘿蔔)=luó bo=radish (Raphanus sativus), esp. white radish 白蘿蔔|白萝卜[bai2 luo2 bo5]/CL:條|条[tiao2]
的=de=of/~'s (possessive particle)/(used after an attribute)/(used to form a nominal expression)/(used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
得=de=structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc
底=de=(equivalent to 的 as possessive particle)
地=de=-ly/structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct
儿 (兒)=er (read r)=non-syllabic diminutive suffix/retroflex final
usually use in:
了=le=(modal particle intensifying preceding clause)/(completed action marker)
饹=le=see 餄餎|饸饹[he2 le5]
usually use in:
饸饹 hé le noodles either made of buckwheat or sorghum
哪儿 (哪兒)=na r=where?/wherever/anywhere
这儿 (這兒)=zhè r=here
吗 (嗎)=ma=(question particle for "yes-no" questions)
嘛=ma=modal particle indicating that sth is obvious/particle indicating a pause for emphasis
么 (麼)=ma=interrogative final particle
么 (麼)=me=what / whether
们 (們)=men=plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals
呢=ne=particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about ...?", "And ...?")/particle for inquiring about location ("Where is ...?")/particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?")/(at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action/particle indicating strong affirmation
子=zi=(noun suffix)
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